Elementary Grammar

Elementary negatives and questions

We can read English.
We can’t read English.
Can we read English?
I mustn’t do it now
They haven’t time to do it.
Am I right?
Can we see from here?
He mustn’t eat it.
They aren’t French.

DO questions and negatives
Does he like tea?
He doesn’t like tea.
Does he sell good cakes?
Do you speak slowly?
Does it taste good?
It doesn’t taste good.
I don’t read well.
Does he take English lessons?
They often go to the pictures.
She doesn’t swim well.
They don’t try to understand.
Does he watch football?
Do I do it well?
Do they play football?
Does he love his wife?
He doesn’t love his wife.
Do I keep it in my pocket?
Do you write to them every day?
Does he live in his house?
He doesn’t feel well.


Possessives
MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, IT, OUR, YOUR, THEIR + SCHOOL (посвојни придавки затоа што после нив мора да има именка)
MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, OURS, YOURS, THEIRS (посвојни заменки, стојат на местото на именката, нема именка после нив)

This doesn’t look like my book.
Tell him not to forget his ticket.
Tell me isn’t that your old car over there. Oh no, it was mine last week but I sold it to my friend Betsy.
They have two of their houses in this street, and the house on the corner is also theirs.
Mine is very bad one. What’s yours like?
You can take mine, and give me yours.
Your father and mine were school friends.

HE’S A FRIEND OF MINE

A saw a cousin of mine in the street this morning
He wants you to return a book of his, you borrowed last week.
An uncle of his has just crashed his car on the motorway.
I think it was a good idea of theirs.
Let’s collect some friends of ours. (LET US)
My friend Bob met a friend of mine at the party.
She wants to know if you have seen a book of hers, lying about somewhere.
A great friend of mine has just told us that she is going to marry a millionaire.


MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, OURSELVES, YOURSELVES, THEMSELVES, (САМА ЈАС,)


That’s not yours, it’s mine. I bought it myself.
It was given to me by the president herself.
She makes all her own clothes herself.
She has made herself very popular.
I don’t think we will be able to manage by ourselves.
You must all look after yourselves on your trip to England.
Bob says the hat is not his, although it’s just like the one he bought himself last week.
One must remember to behave oneself in her own house, just as well as in other people.
I always have to remind myself that this book is yours not mine. One day I’ll take it away with my own books by mistake.
Have we got to do it all by ourselves?
This book is mine. I wrote my name in it myself.


ADVERB ORDER (ред на прилози во реченица)

Прилози за честота- Always, usually, often, sometimes, frequently.
пред главниот глагол
после am/is/are

ГЛАГОЛ+ HOW, WHERE, WHEN(1)
Прилог за начин, место, време – Manner, Place, Time

Where (ОД НАЈМАЛО КОН НАЈГОЛЕМО)
When (ОД НАЈМАЛО КОН НАЈГОЛЕМО)

She went to school at ten o’clock.
He was born at 10 a.m. on June 14th, in the year 1920.
She drinks coffee at home every morning.
Our teacher spoke to us very rudely in class this morning.
I saw my friend off at the stadium at seven o’clock this morning.
He loved her passionately all his life.
Bob was working very hard at the office all day yesterday.
Maggie speaks English very well but she writes French badly.
They stayed quietly all day there.
I like tea very much in the morning.
The bus arrived late this morning.
He played beautifully in the concert, at the town hall last night.
I shall meet you outside your office tomorrow at two o’clock.
We are going to Switzerland for a week on Saturday.
Let’s go to the cinema, tonight.



PRONOUNS
JOHN GAVE THE BOOK TO HENRYJOHN GAVE THE BOOK TO HIM.
JANE BOUGHT SOME SWEETS FOR HER MOTHER.

Jane bought some sweets for her.
Tell the answer to him.
My sister and I told a story to him.
Alec and Maggie gave some chocolates to us.
You and I must give a present to him.
Bob will find her bag for her.
Henry and Alec gave a cake to us. They gave us a cake.
Give this one to it.
We told him about our journey last week.
We all went with them.
They knew all about my friend and me.
Mr. Jones and he came here last night.
He told Marry and me to go with him and his mother.
Let’s pretend for a moment. I’ll be her, and you’ll be me. Now imagine there is a quarrel between her and me. How would you settle it?


POSSESSIVE CASE (ПОСВОЈНОСТ- ЧИЈ/А/И ГЕНИТИВ) WHOSE

1. Именките во еднина и именките кои прават множина без –s- посвојност прават со додавање на апостроф и буквата ‘s
MOTHER’S JOB
CHILDREN’S SCHOOL
2. Именките кои се во множина и ја прават множината со наставката s, ДОБИВААТ САМО АПОСТРОФ ПОСЛЕ БУКВАТА S
BOYS’ TOYS
BABIES’ CLOTHES
3. Ако во реченицата има повеќе имиња, апострофот се додава на крајното име.

The father of James- James’s
The clothes of the boys- The boys’ clothes
The coat of the boy- the boy’s coat
The club of the women- The women’s club
The shop of Jones brothers- The Jones’s brothers’ shop
The glass of someone else- Someone else’s glass
The name of my sister in law- My sister in law’s name
The poems of Keats- The Keats’s poem
The park of St. James- The St. James’s park


WHO/ WHAT/ WHITCH

What is your name?
Who’s that pretty girl?
What is your telephone number?
Here are the books. Which is yours?
Who is coming to tea?
Which trees grow in Egypt?
Which is yours the orange or the banana?
What color is it?
Who makes your shoes?
What makes tea sweet?
Who wants a piece of bread?
Which piece of bread is yours?
What is the name of your banker?

TOO/ ENOUGH (ПРЕМНОГУ/ ДОВОЛНО)

She came very late. The lesson was over.
She came too late the lesson was over.

It’s too cold to go out.
This book is too difficult to read.
This hat is too big. He’s only a little boy.
It’s too far to walk.
He is too stupid to understand.
It’s too small for this big room.
It’s too good to be true.
It’s too dark to see anything.
This dress is too old to wear anymore.
It’s too wet to go out.
This grammar is too difficult for a child to understand it.
The music is too soft to hear it.
It’s too hot to go out.

You are clever enough to understand perfectly.
You are old enough now to know better.
I’m tired enough to sleep all night.
Are you tall enough to reach that picture?
The fruit is ripe enough to pick it.
The story is short enough to read it in one lesson.
The moon is bright enough to read a book by it.
The wind is strong enough to blow the roof of.
That man is stupid enough to believe me.
I have enough money to pay the bill.


SOME/ ANY (МАЛКУ, НЕКОЛКУ)

SOME-
a) позитивни реченици, пред небројни именки, именки во множина или
b) барања и понуди

ANY- прашални и негативни реченици со неброиви именки или множина

a/ едно/една= a се користи пред именки кои започнуваат со согласка при изговор.
An/ еден/ една- се користи пред броиви именки во еднина кои започнуваат со самогласка при изговор

I have some books.
I haven’t any books.
Have I any books?

He bought some ties.
He didn’t buy any ties.
Did he buy any ties?

There is some news.
There isn’t any news.
Is there any news?

They want some paper.
They don’t want any paper.
Do they want any paper?

You ate some apples.
You didn’t eat any apples.
Did you eat any apples?

You asked me some questions.
You didn’t ask me any questions.
Did you ask me any questions?

He told someone else.
He didn’t tell anyone else.
Did he tell anyone else?

I saw somebody at the window.
I didn’t see anybody at the window
Did you see anyone at the window?

She wants some more like that.
She doesn’t want anymore like that.
Does she want any more like that?


Some/ any/ one ones

You have some fine flowers in your garden.
Go and ask him for some paper. I haven’t any in my desk.
I have some more letters for you.
What a pity! There aren’t any red ones.
I don’t think there is anyone here who can speak French.
We had some tea, but there wasn’t any sugar to put in it.

I want some oranges. Give me these big ones.
Are there any more books? I’ve read all these old ones.
These loaves are stale; please give me some new ones.
I want some flour, but the grocer hasn’t any.
So this is your house. It’s a very pretty one.


Some/ any ( понуда и барање и позитивни реченици some; any прашални и негативни)

Will you have some more tea?
Won’t you have some more cake?
Did you go anywhere last night?
If you haven’t any money you can get some from the bank.
Have you some books? Would you give some?
Did you have any troubles with your car today?
I heard you had some yesterday.
Have you read any good books lately?
Are there any lemons in the cupboard?
We could make some lemonade.

No= not any

I have no time to help you. I haven’t any time to help you.
There is no more sugar.
There isn’t any more sugar.
I can’t see my hat nowhere. I can’t see my hat anywhere.
He likes no girls with red hair.
He doesn’t like any girls with red hair.
We haven’t seen anybody we know yet.
We had eaten no meat for four days. I hadn’t eaten any meat for four days.
They found nobody at home. They didn’t find anybody at home.
He gave his wife no money for her clothes. He didn’t give his wife any money for her clothes.
They went nowhere after supper.
They didn’t go anywhere after supper.
How odd! This door has no hinges.
I hove you’ve said nothing to Maggie. I hope you haven’t said anything to Maggie.
They are dirty. I want neither of them. They are dirty. I don’t want any of them.
My car needs no new tires.
My car doesn’t need any new tires.